Author: Elizabeth Novak-Czech MA CCC SLP

The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) has developed a new resource on feeding and swallowing milestones for the birth to 3 population. The milestones reflect the ages in which at least 75% of children from around the world have mastered the skill. The milestones can be found here: https://on.asha.org/feeding-milestones. In addition to the milestones, ASHA has also developed a brief video detailing feeding and swallowing skills that should be mastered by age, information on why some children may have difficulty meeting milestones, and who to contact if a child is having difficulties eating or drinking. The video can be found here: on.asha.org/feeding-milestones-video.

  Most children say their first word around 12 months of age. How can you tell your child’s first word from other sounds that they make? A word is when a child uses sounds consistently and meaningfully. When children say words, they may not sound exactly like adult words. It is common for young children to use word approximations. A word approximation is a word. Children simplify the way adults say words to make them easier to say. For example, a child might say “mama” for mommy, “baba” for bottle, or “ma” for more. Children usually make other sounds that aren’t words, called babbling. Babbling is when children use sounds that adults use to talk, like “b,” “p,” and “m” sounds paired with vowel

As the snow continues to fall, take advantage of all of the wonderful language opportunities the snow provides. Here are some examples of free activities you can do in the snow: *Snowball Fight -Talk about basic concepts such as big, little, cold, round, etc. while making the snowballs -Practice words with target sounds (e.g., ‘snow’ for /s/ blends, ‘ball’ for final /l/, and ‘throw’ for /th/) -Talk about action words including throw, roll, catch, scoop, hide, hit, etc. *Snowman -Talk about basic concepts such as big/bigger/biggest, cold, round, little, etc. -Practice words containing target sounds (e.g., ‘stick’ for /s/ blends and ‘mouth’ for /th/) -Discuss different vocabulary terms for body parts and action words (e.g., roll, make, put, get, etc.)

  There is so much to enjoy during the fall season which also includes activities that may contain vocabulary your child doesn’t currently know such as “pumpkin”, “acorn”, and “hay”. Books are a great way to teach these new or less familiar concepts. 1. Read books about fall activities you are planning such as going to a pumpkin patch, leaf hunt, apple picking, etc. When you do these activities, reinforce the same vocabulary used in the books. 2. Repeat new vocabulary words in a variety of contexts (e.g., These pumpkins are big.  Wow, look at that pumpkin. Let’s pick a pumpkin.) 3. Talk to your child about the connection between the book and the activity you are planning to do (e.g., We are reading

Giving children choices helps them feel like they have some power and control over what they do. Everyone likes to have choices in what they do. Some caregivers think they need to do all of the planning. They forget that children can and need to make choices too. Here are some times throughout the day when you can offer choices: Food for snack time Clothing items when getting dressed While playing with toys Book reading Bath time toys

PrelinguIstic skills are ways that children communicate without using words. They are good indicators of a child’s readiness to begin talking. Children who demonstrate these abilities appropriately are ready to begin communicating using sounds and words. *Attention abilities: A child’s ability to pay attention to a particular activity or person is relative to his/her age. Between 13 to 24 months a child should gradually develop the ability to sustain their attention for a few minutes to a preferred activity. If a child is unable to pay attention to a toy, they will likely demonstrate difficulty listening to the sounds and words their communication partner is saying in order to repeat them later. *Play Skills: Children learn by playing, so their ability to play appropriately is essential In order to learn to

Echolalia occurs when a child repeats what he/she hears either immediately after hearing the utterance (immediate echolalia) or hours to days after hearing the utterance (delayed echolalia). Echolalia can at times be self-stimulatory. The child may repeat lines from or his favorite movie or even repeat a conversation he/she heard. For example, during dinner time the child may say, “To infinity and beyond!” The child may do this to self-calm or for self-stimulation as the utterance is not related to the situational context; However, echolalia can also be communicative or functional in nature, in which the child repeats something he/she has heard in the past for a specific communicative purpose such as requesting or commenting. For example, when a child sees his/her parent take

  Dyslexia is one of the most common language-based disabilities that affects approximately 20% of the world’s population. It is the most common cause of reading, writing, and spelling difficulties. Many people have heard of dyslexia, but there are myths and confusion about what it is. Dyslexia is NOT: -Seeing letters or words backwards -Having a low IQ -Caused by poor eyesight or hearing problems -Caused by laziness or lack of effort Dyslexia IS: -A language-based learning disability -Neurological in origin -Difficulty with processing and manipulating

  During the early years (0-5, children learn language naturally through their environment by participating in back and forth interactions with the adults in their lives. Here are ways to encourage language development: Spend time face-to-face: Sit with your child at their level when communicating with them. This encourages eye contact, developing an understanding of facial expressions, and aids in learning how to produce sounds. Simplify what you say: Keep sentences short. For example, instead of saying, “Let’s go outside and play in the pool because it’s a hot day,” you could say, “Let’ go swim. It’s hot!”. Emphasize key words when reading: To highlight the most important informant, use increased volume and intonation. Use repetition: Your child needs to

  Aided Language Stimulation (ALS) is an evidence based strategy for teaching an AAC user about their system and how to use it. ALS provided a visual model for communication using the AAC system. Here are some simple steps to use this strategy: Select an interactive activity or routine that brings joy to your child. For example, your child may love books, music, swinging, or PlayDoh. Provided repeated exposure to words that are meaningful to your child. For example, if your child enjoys swinging you could provide ALS and model words such as ‘push’, ‘up’, ‘down’, ‘stop’ and ‘swing’. While you say the word, model the word on their device as well. Don’t expect your child to use the word